Make your mark in the language education field by getting involved with ACTFL and your state organization. Work with us and your state organization to further raise awareness on the benefits of language learning. Join Us. Who we are. About us. Learn More. Strategic Plan. ACTFL leads in advancing the value of world languages and empowering all learners to become linguistically and culturally competent through these strategic plan priorities: Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Outreach and Advocacy Teacher Recruitment and Retention Research Professional Development.
Strategic pillars. Roger Bacon. The Reading Skills Fame clan 2. Reading It is a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning from text as in reading a book or reading music. Three Components of Reading 1. Decoding 2. Comprehension 3. Retention 3. Decoding Decoding refers to the process of translating a printed word into a sound. Two Skills in Decoding : 1.
Identification Skill 2. Word Attack Skill 4. Comprehension relies on a mastery of decoding. Children who struggle to decode find it difficult to understand and remember what has been read. Because their efforts to grasp individual words are so exhausting, they have very little mental energy left for understanding. Retention The condition of retaining keeping something.
It could be in the Short term memory or Long term Memory. Vocabulary 2. Comprehension Motor-Ocular 3. Study Skills 1. Parents 2. Siblings 3. Teachers 4. Peers 7. Required Skills in Reading ito 1. Skills Related to Eye Movement 2. Abilities Related to Visual Discrimination 3. Association Skills 4. Interpretation Abilities 8. Stage 2: Confirmation and Fluency - Grades 2 and 3 ages - Child reads simple, familiar stories and selections with increasing fluency.
This is done by consolidating the basic decoding elements, sight vocabulary, and meaning context in the reading of familiar stories and selections. Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New - Grades ages - Reading is used to experience new feelings, to learn new attitudes. Three Main Reasons why people want to read: 1. To read the Bible 2.
To read books and newspapers 3. To help their children Why is reading Important? Reading is fundamental to function in today's society. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job. Reading is important because it develops the mind. It is how we discover new things. Reading develops the imagination. Reading develops the creative side of people. Reading is fundamental in developing a good self image. Good reading skills, especially in a phonics reading program, improve spelling.
Reading helps to expand the vocabulary. Only by reading can we be armed in this never-ending, life-and- death struggle. The fact of the power of written ideas communicated through reading is a foundational reason why some governments oppose free and honest communication.
Reading is important because words - spoken and written - are the building blocks of life. Reading Problems Definition of Terms: 1. Reading Disability — refers to retarded readers whose mental ability should enable them to read considerably better than they do. This is synonymous with reading deficiency. You can learn more about the civil service examination here. The professional level exam consists of questions answerable in 3 hours and 10 minutes while the subprofessional level exam has questions which you should finish in 2 hours and 40 minutes.
While they have a lot in common, both types of civil service exam also feature a subtest that is unique to each of them:. To help you with your review, this civil service reviewer will dedicate specific sections for each of the subtests listed above.
We all have our preferences when it comes to studying techniques. Some like to read, while others watch video tutorials. Instead of last-minute cramming, you should space out your study session over a specific period of time.
Using the principle of spaced practice, you can assign one exam category for each month. Then, you can review your notes again at the end of each month and again for the very last time a few days before the scheduled examination.
This process of forgetting and retrieval, according to researchers, helps cement the new knowledge in place thereby improving your long-term memory. Rereading or restudying information is not enough.
In fact, it only gives you a false sense of familiarity—you think you know the review material all too well even though you never tested how well you know it.
Testing helps strengthen your long-term memory, a finding that is supported by decades of scientific research. A recent study even shows that answering practice tests are more effective than rereading or highlighting your notes.
Practice tests are effective because it encourages deep learning. It enables you to retrieve a memory and each time you do it which is exactly what happens when you take practice tests , it becomes more accessible in the future. Finally, our free mock exam which you can download in PDF format has the exact number of items as the actual civil service exam. Familiarize yourself with the common ways of relating words in Word Association questions.
Sometimes we can easily see the relationship between the given words e. It is obvious that the pairs of words are synonyms. Most of the time, however, it is difficult to determine how the words are related. Thus, it is important to get familiar with some ways on how pairs of words are related:. You will be able to determine more ways on how given words are related if you always practice answering this type of question.
When answering Word Association questions, you can also borrow the same strategy we introduced in the Verbal Ability section of our free NMAT reviewer. This strategy involves describing the relationship of the first pair of words in a sentence and then use the same sentence format to figure out the answer for the second pair. Do not get intimidated by the questions. Some questions may look difficult because of the complicated statements involved.
However, not every question is constructed this way. In fact, there are questions that only require common sense to answer. Learn some basics of logic. If you know the law of contraposition in logic, then this question should be easy. Hence, the statement in the blank should be tomorrow is not rainy. Logic questions can be answered easily if you illustrate them.
Plainly reading the given statements in a logic type of question is very confusing. You may simplify the given statements by visualizing them using a Venn diagram. If we are going to visualize the statements using a Venn diagram, we can easily determine if the fourth statement is certainly true. However, we are not that certain whether Ben is in the region outside the smaller circle or in the region inside the smaller circle.
Hence, the fourth statement is not certainly true. Be familiar with the common patterns used in number sequences. Familiarizing yourself with the different possible patterns of number sequences will enable you to determine the succeeding terms in a short amount of time. Exam takers usually used trial and error to determine the pattern behind the sequence. Sometimes this method is effective. However, trial and error is time-consuming and might not give you the pattern you are looking for.
Skip data interpretation type of questions and return to them if you have some time — Data analysis questions require a lot of time. You need to carefully look at the given graphs which is very time-consuming.
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